At risk / Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk
SOC 43-3031.00

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk

VerdictHigher Risk — exposed on paper only
Signal 01 · structural exposure
71
/ 100

Structural exposure score derived from 2 independent sources (OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" (human_rating_beta) + AIOE (Felten, Raj & Seamans)), each normalized against its own full reference population and combined by simple average, then converted to a percentile.

Signal 02 · real-world AI usage
Medium
band, not a number

In real usage data, AI shows up in this job about as often as the average occupation: not high, not negligible.

Technical detail

Based on Microsoft's "Working with AI" study of real Copilot conversations mapped to O*NET tasks (arXiv 2507.07935): Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks scored 0.24 on AI applicability, above the cross-occupation mean (0.159, stdev 0.098) across all 785 SOC codes studied but within one standard deviation of it — banded here as Medium real-world AI usage relative to other occupations.

Corroborating signal from the Anthropic Economic Index (Claude.ai/API conversations, a different product and userbase than the Microsoft data above): this occupation shows observed exposure of 0.31, above the 90th percentile (0.283) of the 756 occupations AEI tracks (dataset mean 0.077) — an above-average signal, not a low-volume one.

What this is not
Neither reading measures whether any single bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerk has lost work to AI. That data does not exist anywhere yet — both signals describe tasks, not headcount. This page is not a prediction that this job disappears.
How we calculated this →

What a bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerk actually does

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks keep an organization's financial records straight. They operate accounting software to record transactions, post debits and credits to the correct accounts, verify figures and postings for accuracy, and reconcile bank statements against internal ledgers to track down discrepancies. Day to day, a clerk might process payroll, calculate and issue invoices, code expenses to the right budget line, prepare trial balances, and compile routine financial reports for a manager or accountant to review.

The work follows a defined monthly and quarterly rhythm — closing the books, running reports, reconciling accounts — with the same set of tasks recurring on a predictable schedule. It rewards precision and consistency: catching a transposed digit, matching a receipt to a line item, and making sure every number in the ledger ties out to a source document.

Most of the role happens inside spreadsheets and accounting software rather than in conversation with clients, which sets it apart from client-facing financial roles.

Why it reads this way

This occupation scored 0. 24 on Microsoft's AI applicability scale, comfortably above the cross-occupation average of 0. 159, placing it in the Medium-to-high usage band even before accounting for how fast AI-powered bookkeeping tools have moved into small-business software in the last two years. The Anthropic Economic Index shows an observed exposure of 0. 31 for this occupation, well above its 90th-percentile threshold (0.

283) across the 756 occupations it tracks — a clear, above-average signal rather than a marginal one. The reason isn't hard to find in the task list: reconciling a ledger, categorizing transactions, and flagging discrepancies are pattern-matching tasks against structured data, which is precisely the kind of work large language models and modern accounting software now handle directly.

BLS projects roughly flat-to-declining employment for this occupation through 2034 even though it remains one of the largest clerical occupations in the country, which suggests the automation already underway is being absorbed through attrition rather than active hiring cuts — a slow decline rather than a sudden one, but a real one.

Skills this role draws on

Accounting softwareBank reconciliationPayroll processingFinancial record-keepingAttention to detailBasic spreadsheet analysis
Pay & demand
$36,000–$74,550
10th–90th percentile, USD/year
Average: $53,560/yr
Demand
Medium
Growth outlook
Declining
Projected growth
-6% (2024-2034)

Range source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS wage data (May 2024), accessed via O*NET OnLine wage report, SOC 43-3031.00
Average source: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025 (Annual Mean Wage)

Research verdict
Assessed as of 2026-08-10
At risk

As of August 2026, Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk scores 29/100 on structuralScore (Medium confidence), with no category-2 licensing wall (bookkeeping itself is unlicensed; CPA is a distinct, separately-licensed occupation this job does not cover) or category-3 physical requirement found. BLS projects a 6% employment decline through 2034 and explicitly attributes it to accounting software and AI automating data entry, bank reconciliation, invoice matching, and transaction categorization; the WEF Future of Jobs 2025 report separately ranks this occupation the 7th-fastest-declining globally, losing an estimated fifth of its roles by 2030. No single named-company layoff case specific to this role was found despite a dedicated search, a disclosed evidence gap, though the two government/global-survey sources above independently carry the verdict on their own.

Last updated: August 2026Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS wage data (May 2024), accessed via O*NET OnLine wage report, SOC 43-3031.00

Data sources & methodology

Salary data: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS wage data (May 2024), accessed via O*NET OnLine wage report, SOC 43-3031.00. Average figure sourced separately: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025 (Annual Mean Wage).

Task descriptions: Based on O*NET occupational analysis (43-3031.00).

Real-world AI usage band: Microsoft's "Working with AI" study of Bing Copilot conversations mapped to O*NET tasks (arXiv 2507.07935), and corroborating data from the Anthropic Economic Index.

Growth projections: -6% (2024-2034), based on BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.

Learn more about our methodology