Countries / United Kingdom
GBP · 55 jobs w/ local data

GB AI-proof jobs in United Kingdom

Avg structural exposure
26
/ 100
Jobs with local data
55
of 62 tracked occupations carry United Kingdom-specific salary and demand data.
Currency
£
GBP

Working in United Kingdom

The United Kingdom maintains strong demand for skilled tradespeople and healthcare professionals, supported by one of the world's most established apprenticeship systems. Government funding makes apprenticeships accessible—most learners earn wages while training, with employers receiving incentives to take on apprentices.

The NHS remains the largest employer of healthcare workers in Europe, providing job security and clear career progression paths for nurses, therapists, and other clinical staff. While NHS salaries are modest compared to the private sector, benefits include generous pensions, professional development support, and work-life balance protections.

Construction trades benefit from ongoing infrastructure investment, housing shortages driving renovation and new build demand, and an aging workforce creating opportunities for new entrants. The NVQ qualification system provides recognized standards that employers value, while Gas Safe, Part P, and other certifications enable specialists to command premium rates.

The UK's approach to professional regulation ensures quality while creating barriers that protect established practitioners. Getting properly qualified takes time, but certified professionals enjoy strong demand and competitive wages. London and the South East offer the highest pay, though cost of living is also elevated—many skilled workers find excellent opportunities in regional cities where their earnings stretch further.

Careers with local data

Structural exposure and GBP salary ranges sourced for United Kingdom.

Plumber
12/100
High
£28k–£55k
Electrician
22/100
High
£32k–£60k
Registered Nurse (RN)
62/100
High
£28k–£45k
Physical Therapist
46/100
High
£35k–£55k
HVAC Technician
21/100
High
£28k–£50k
Special Education Teacher
58/100
High
£28k–£48k
Paramedic / EMT
27/100
High
£27k–£42k
Bus Driver
26/100
High
£24k–£38k
Diesel Service Technician
11/100
High
£28k–£45k
Heavy Equipment Operator
17/100
High
£28k–£42k
Arborist / Tree Care Specialist
7/100
Medium
£24k–£40k
Groundskeeper / Grounds Maintenance Worker
6/100
Medium
£21k–£32k
Barber
18/100
High
£20k–£40k
Cosmetologist / Hairstylist
17/100
High
£20k–£38k
Funeral Director
77/100
Medium
£25k–£45k
Locksmith
17/100
Medium
£25k–£40k
Pet Groomer
23/100
High
£18k–£32k
Wind Turbine Technician
13/100
High
£28k–£48k
Industrial Machinery Mechanic
17/100
High
£26k–£45k
Home Health Aide
17/100
Very High
£20k–£28k
Elevator Installer & Repairer
17/100
High
£32k–£55k
Physician Assistant (PA)
35/100
High
£40k–£68k
Surgical Technologist
18/100
High
£24k–£40k
Audiologist
75/100
High
£35k–£65k
Respiratory Therapist
36/100
High
£30k–£52k
Boilermaker
10/100
Medium
£30k–£50k
Ironworker
5/100
High
£28k–£48k
Glazier
9/100
Medium
£24k–£40k
Tile & Stone Setter
11/100
Medium
£26k–£42k
Insulation Worker
10/100
Medium
£24k–£38k
Chef / Head Cook
41/100
High
£22k–£45k
Carpenter (Finish/Custom)
12/100
High
£26k–£45k
Occupational Therapist
61/100
High
£28k–£52k
Dental Hygienist
24/100
High
£30k–£50k
Veterinarian
42/100
High
£35k–£70k
Welder
11/100
High
£26k–£45k
Massage Therapist
16/100
Medium
£20k–£38k
Firefighter
12/100
High
£25k–£42k
Police Officer
31/100
High
£28k–£48k
Elementary School Teacher
68/100
High
£28k–£43k
Personal Trainer / Fitness Coach
11/100
Medium
£18k–£45k
Solar Panel Installer
17/100
High
£26k–£42k
Roofer
5/100
High
£26k–£42k
Landscaper / Groundskeeper
6/100
Medium
£20k–£35k
Pipefitter / Steamfitter
12/100
High
£30k–£50k
Pastry Chef / Baker
26/100
Medium
£22k–£38k
Nurse Practitioner
55/100
High
£43k–£62k
Speech-Language Pathologist
78/100
High
£28k–£52k
Aircraft Mechanic
18/100
High
£30k–£55k
Farm Equipment Mechanic
18/100
High
£26k–£42k
Irrigation Technician
34/100
Medium
£24k–£38k
CNC Machinist
20/100
High
£25k–£45k
Tool and Die Maker
23/100
High
£28k–£50k
Millwright
10/100
High
£30k–£55k
Quality Control Inspector
38/100
Medium
£22k–£40k

Training & licensing details

Plumber£28k–£55k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ/SVQ through 3-4 year apprenticeship. Accelerated adult courses available. City & Guilds qualifications recognized.

Licensing

Gas Safe registration mandatory for any gas work. No universal plumbing license, but qualifications expected. Unvented hot water certification for specialist work.

Electrician£32k–£60k

Training

Level 3 NVQ/SVQ through 3-4 year apprenticeship. AM2 practical assessment required. 18th Edition wiring regulations certification essential.

Licensing

Part P certification required for domestic electrical work. JIB registration valued in construction. NICEIC or NAPIT membership for self-certification.

Training

3-year nursing degree at university. NHS Learning Support Fund provides financial assistance. Nursing associate route (2 years) available as stepping stone.

Licensing

NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) registration required. Revalidation every 3 years with CPD evidence. DBS check mandatory.

Physical Therapist£35k–£55k

Training

3-year BSc Physiotherapy degree. 2-year accelerated MSc for graduates with relevant degrees. NHS placements during training.

Licensing

HCPC (Health and Care Professions Council) registration required. CPD requirements for renewal. CSP membership expected.

HVAC Technician£28k–£50k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in refrigeration and air conditioning. Apprenticeship or adult training routes. Building services engineering pathway.

Licensing

F-Gas certification required for refrigerant handling. Gas Safe registration if working with gas. OFTEC for oil systems.

Training

PGCE or undergraduate teaching degree with QTS. National Award for SEN Coordination for SENCO roles. Master's level qualifications valued.

Licensing

QTS (Qualified Teacher Status) required for maintained schools. DBS enhanced check mandatory. NASENCO qualification for coordination roles.

Paramedic / EMT£27k–£42k

Training

3-year Paramedic Science degree at university, or 2-year intensive ambulance service route with prior clinical experience.

Licensing

HCPC registration required. NHS employment typical. Advanced Paramedic qualifications for specialist roles.

Bus Driver£24k–£38k

Training

PCV license training (1-2 weeks). Employer-provided training common. Driver CPC required for professional work.

Licensing

PCV (Passenger Carrying Vehicle) license Category D. Driver CPC mandatory. DBS enhanced check. 35 hours periodic training every 5 years.

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Heavy Vehicle Maintenance. 3-4 year apprenticeship. IMI certification valued. Manufacturer training important.

Licensing

No mandatory license. IRTEC certification demonstrates competence. MOT tester authorization for testing roles.

Training

CPCS (Construction Plant Competence Scheme) training. 1-2 weeks per machine type. CITB funding available for apprentices.

Licensing

CPCS card required for most construction sites. Machine-specific categories. Renewal testing every 5 years.

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Trees and Timber. Arboriculture apprenticeship (2-3 years). Chainsaw certification essential.

Licensing

NPTC chainsaw certificates required. CS30/31 for ground-based, CS38/39 for climbing. Lantra or City & Guilds qualifications.

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Horticulture or Sports Turf. Apprenticeship pathways. RHS qualifications valued.

Licensing

PA1/PA6 pesticide certificates for chemical application. Chainsaw certification for some roles. Driving license typically required.

Barber£20k–£40k

Training

Level 2-3 Barbering qualification. Apprenticeship (2 years) or college course. City & Guilds or VTCT qualifications.

Licensing

No license required but qualifications expected. Some councils require premises registration. Self-employed or chair rental common.

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Hairdressing or Beauty Therapy. 2-year apprenticeship or college course. Specialty qualifications for advanced services.

Licensing

No license required. VTCT or City & Guilds qualifications expected. Premises may need local authority registration for certain treatments.

Funeral Director£25k–£45k

Training

On-the-job training or Diploma in Funeral Directing. NAFD or IFD training programs. 2-3 years to full qualification.

Licensing

No mandatory license. NAFD membership expected. FCA regulation for at-need funeral plans. DBS check required.

Locksmith£25k–£40k

Training

MLA (Master Locksmiths Association) training courses. 1-2 weeks basic training, ongoing specialization. Auto locksmith training separate.

Licensing

No license required. MLA CRL (Certified Registered Locksmith) credential recommended. DBS check expected. SIA license for security work.

Pet Groomer£18k–£32k

Training

City & Guilds or BIGA qualifications. 6-12 month training programs. Apprenticeship or grooming school routes.

Licensing

No license required. Local authority may require animal establishment license for premises. Professional memberships valued.

Training

Level 3 apprenticeship in wind turbine technician role. GWO (Global Wind Organisation) safety certification essential. Manufacturer training required.

Licensing

GWO certification required by most employers. Electrical competency certifications beneficial. Working at Heights training mandatory.

Training

Level 3 NVQ in Engineering Maintenance or apprenticeship (3-4 years). BTEC in engineering useful. Manufacturer-specific training valued.

Licensing

No license required. CompEx certification for hazardous areas. 17th/18th Edition for electrical work. Manufacturer certifications valued.

Home Health Aide£20k–£28k

Training

Care Certificate (15 standards) required. Level 2-3 Diploma in Health and Social Care. Apprenticeship route available.

Licensing

DBS check mandatory. Registration with local authority. Sector-specific training required. CQC compliance training.

Training

4-year apprenticeship with LEIA (Lift and Escalator Industry Association). NVQ Level 3 in Lift Engineering.

Licensing

No national license but LEIA qualifications expected. Electrical competency certification. Working at Heights training required.

Training

Postgraduate Diploma or MSc in Physician Associate Studies (2 years). Science degree required for entry. GMC-accredited programme.

Licensing

GMC registration being introduced. Faculty of Physician Associates certification. Must work under supervising physician.

Training

Operating Department Practitioner (ODP) degree (3 years) or apprenticeship. Diploma in Operating Department Practice. NHS-funded training available.

Licensing

HCPC (Health and Care Professions Council) registration required for ODPs. Annual registration renewal. CPD requirements.

Audiologist£35k–£65k

Training

BSc in Audiology (3 years) or Healthcare Science degree. NHS Scientist Training Programme alternative. Postgraduate options available.

Licensing

HCPC registration required. RCCP (Registration Council for Clinical Physiologists) membership. Annual renewal and CPD.

Training

Physiotherapy degree with respiratory specialization or Respiratory Physiology BSc. NHS training programmes available.

Licensing

HCPC registration required. ARTP (Association for Respiratory Technology and Physiology) certification valued. Continuing professional development.

Boilermaker£30k–£50k

Training

3-4 year apprenticeship in fabrication/welding. NVQ Level 3 in Fabrication and Welding. Coded welder certification essential.

Licensing

Coded welder certification to BS/EN standards. CSCS card for construction sites. Hot work permits training.

Ironworker£28k–£48k

Training

Steel erector apprenticeship (2-3 years). NVQ Level 2-3 in Structural Steelwork Erection. CISRS scaffold training beneficial.

Licensing

CSCS (Construction Skills Certification Scheme) card required. IPAF for access equipment. Slinger/signaller certification for crane work.

Glazier£24k–£40k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Glazing or apprenticeship (2-3 years). GQA qualifications. Manufacturer training for specialist systems.

Licensing

CSCS card required for construction sites. FENSA registration for replacement windows. Competent Persons Scheme membership optional.

Tile & Stone Setter£26k–£42k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Wall and Floor Tiling or apprenticeship (2-3 years). City & Guilds qualifications available.

Licensing

CSCS card for construction sites. TTA (Tile Association) membership valued. No mandatory license required.

Insulation Worker£24k–£38k

Training

NVQ Level 2 in Insulation and Building Treatments or apprenticeship. TICA training for industrial insulation.

Licensing

CSCS card required. Asbestos awareness training mandatory. TICA membership for industrial work. PAS 2030 certification for domestic.

Chef / Head Cook£22k–£45k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Professional Cookery or apprenticeship. City & Guilds qualifications. Culinary school optional but valued.

Licensing

Food Hygiene Certificate (Level 2 minimum) required. No chef license required. Premises must be registered with local council.

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ/SVQ in Wood Occupations through 2-4 year apprenticeship. City & Guilds or CITB qualifications.

Licensing

CSCS card required for construction sites. No national license but qualifications expected. Gas Safe if fitting gas appliances.

Training

BSc in Occupational Therapy (3 years) or 2-year accelerated MSc for graduates. HCPC-approved programmes only.

Licensing

HCPC registration mandatory. RCOT membership expected. DBS check required. CPD for renewal.

Dental Hygienist£30k–£50k

Training

Diploma or degree in Dental Hygiene (2-3 years). Foundation degree pathway available. Must train at GDC-approved school.

Licensing

GDC (General Dental Council) registration required. Indemnity insurance mandatory. CPD requirements for renewal.

Veterinarian£35k–£70k

Training

5-year veterinary degree from RCVS-accredited university. Highly competitive entry. Clinical placements throughout training.

Licensing

RCVS registration required. Annual retention fee. CPD requirements. Specialist credentials available.

Welder£26k–£45k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Welding or apprenticeship (2-4 years). Coded welder certification for structural/pipe work.

Licensing

Coded welder certification to BS/EN standards for most industrial work. CSCS card for construction sites.

Massage Therapist£20k–£38k

Training

Level 3 Diploma in Massage Therapy. ITEC, VTCT, or City & Guilds qualifications. Typically 6-12 months training.

Licensing

No statutory regulation. Professional body membership (FHT, CNHC) recommended. Some councils require therapist registration.

Firefighter£25k–£42k

Training

Fire service training after recruitment (12-16 weeks initial). Ongoing training throughout career. Driving qualifications.

Licensing

No external license—fire service provides certification. LGV license for appliances. Enhanced DBS check.

Police Officer£28k–£48k

Training

Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA) 3 years, or degree holder entry programme. Initial police training follows.

Licensing

Attestation as constable. Vetting requirements. No external license. Advanced driving qualifications available.

Training

PGCE or undergraduate teaching degree with QTS. School Direct and Teach First routes available. NQT year required.

Licensing

QTS (Qualified Teacher Status) required for maintained schools. DBS enhanced check. Registration with Teaching Regulation Agency.

Training

Level 2 Gym Instructor then Level 3 Personal Trainer qualification. REPs registered qualifications. 6-12 months typical.

Licensing

No license required. CIMSPA/REPs registration expected by most gyms. First aid and insurance required.

Training

Electrical qualifications helpful. MCS certification training. Manufacturer training for specific systems.

Licensing

MCS certification required for installations eligible for government schemes. Part P for electrical work. Working at Heights.

Roofer£26k–£42k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Roofing or apprenticeship (2-3 years). CITB training. Specialist qualifications for different roof types.

Licensing

CSCS card required for construction sites. Competent Roofer scheme membership valued. No national license.

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Horticulture or Landscaping. Apprenticeship pathways. RHS qualifications valued.

Licensing

PA1/PA6 certificates for pesticide application. Chainsaw certificates if needed. Driving license usually required.

Training

Level 3 NVQ in Pipefitting or apprenticeship (3-4 years). Welding qualifications often required. ECITB pathway for industrial.

Licensing

Coded welder certification for pressure systems. CSCS card. CompEx for hazardous areas. No national pipefitter license.

Pastry Chef / Baker£22k–£38k

Training

Level 2-3 NVQ in Patisserie and Confectionery. Culinary school or apprenticeship. City & Guilds qualifications.

Licensing

Food Hygiene Certificate required. No pastry chef license. Premises must meet food safety standards.

Nurse Practitioner£43k–£62k

Training

Registered nurse first, then MSc in Advanced Clinical Practice. Typically 5+ years nursing experience before training.

Licensing

NMC registration as RN. Additional annotation for independent prescribing. Scope determined by employer/commissioning.

Training

BSc in Speech and Language Therapy (3-4 years) or 2-year postgraduate route. HCPC-approved programmes only.

Licensing

HCPC registration mandatory. RCSLT membership expected. Enhanced DBS check. CPD requirements.

Aircraft Mechanic£30k–£55k

Training

CAA Part-66 licence training (2-4 years). Apprenticeship with airlines or MROs. College courses for basic licence.

Licensing

CAA Part-66 Aircraft Maintenance Licence required. Type ratings for specific aircraft. Ongoing validity requirements.

Training

Level 2-3 apprenticeship in Land-based Service Engineering. City & Guilds or IMI qualifications. Manufacturer training.

Licensing

No statutory license. IMI certifications valued. F-Gas for air con systems. Manufacturer authorisations.

Training

On-the-job training typical. Manufacturer certifications for systems. Plumbing background helpful.

Licensing

No specific license. Water regulations knowledge required. Backflow prevention qualifications for commercial work.

CNC Machinist£25k–£45k

Training

Level 3 Apprenticeship in Machining (3-4 years). City & Guilds qualifications available. HNC/HND in Mechanical Engineering enhances prospects.

Licensing

No statutory license required. EAL and City & Guilds qualifications recognized. Aerospace work may require SC clearance.

Tool and Die Maker£28k–£50k

Training

Advanced Apprenticeship (Level 3-4) in Toolmaking, 4+ years. City & Guilds in Tool and Die Making. Often combines with CNC and CAD/CAM training.

Licensing

No statutory license required. Industry-recognized qualifications from EAL, City & Guilds. MTA (Manufacturing Technologies Association) membership valuable.

Millwright£30k–£55k

Training

Level 3 Apprenticeship in Engineering Maintenance (3-4 years). BTEC or City & Guilds qualifications. Additional training in rigging, welding, and alignment.

Licensing

CSCS card for construction site work. CPCS certification for crane operation. Confined space and working at height certifications often required.

Training

Level 2-3 qualifications in Quality Assurance. On-the-job training common. CQI-IRCA certifications for auditing roles.

Licensing

No statutory license required. CQI membership and certifications valued. Industry-specific standards (AS9100, IATF 16949) may require specific training.

Last updated: December 2025Source: BLS, ONS, Job Outlook AU, Job Bank Canada, Destatis and equivalent national agencies