Our Methodology
Transparency is key. Here's exactly how we calculate our scores and where our data comes from. We believe in giving you the full picture so you can make informed decisions.
Automation Risk Score (0-100)
The Automation Risk Score measures how resistant a job is to AI and robotic automation. A score of 100 means the job is virtually impossible to automate with current or near-future technology. This score is universal—a plumber's work is equally hard to automate whether they're in London, Tokyo, or New York.
Scoring Factors (Weighted)
Manual Dexterity & Unpredictable Environments
Does the job require non-routine physical work in dynamic, unpredictable settings? (e.g., plumbing, electrical work in varied buildings)
Social Intelligence & Negotiation
Does the job rely heavily on empathy, persuasion, customer interaction, or complex team management? (e.g., nursing, therapy, sales)
Creative & Non-Repetitive Problem Solving
Does the job require custom solutions, artistic judgment, or diagnosing unique issues? (e.g., chefs, custom carpenters)
Regulatory & Legal Complexity
Is the work tied to site-specific regulations, licensing, or compliance requirements? (e.g., electricians, nurses)
Score Thresholds
Investment Score (1-10)
The Investment Score helps entrepreneurs and investors identify industries worth entering. It balances growth potential against barriers and automation risk.
Component Factors
Demand Growth
Long-term market trends. Is demand increasing due to demographics, technology shifts, or societal changes?
Profit Potential
Typical operating margins for established businesses. Can you command premium pricing?
Barrier to Entry
How hard is it for new competitors to enter? Higher barriers protect your investment.
Automation Shield
Average automation risk score of jobs in the industry. Higher means more future-proof.
Data Sources
O*NET (Occupational Information Network)
U.S. Department of Labor's comprehensive database of occupational characteristics, task requirements, and skill profiles for 900+ occupations.
onetonline.org →Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
Official U.S. government source for salary data, employment projections (2023-2033), and industry statistics from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics program.
bls.gov/ooh →Academic Research on Automation
Our automation risk methodology draws on peer-reviewed research including Frey & Osborne (Oxford, 2017) "The Future of Employment", MIT's Work of the Future studies, and McKinsey Global Institute automation analyses.
Oxford Future of Employment Study →UK & International Data
UK salary data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings. International data from national statistics agencies and industry surveys.
ONS Earnings Data →Limitations
- •Scores are predictions based on current technology trends, not guarantees.
- •Salary data represents typical ranges and may vary significantly by location.
- •Scores reflect job types, not individual competence or specialization.
- •Technology advances may change automation potential over time.
Update Frequency
Our data is reviewed and updated quarterly to reflect the latest research and market conditions.
Last updated: January 2025