Countries / France
EUR · 55 jobs w/ local data

FR AI-proof jobs in France

Avg structural exposure
26
/ 100
Jobs with local data
55
of 62 tracked occupations carry France-specific salary and demand data.
Currency
EUR

Working in France

France offers a structured path into skilled trades through its renowned apprenticeship system (alternance), combining classroom learning with paid work experience. The CAP and BP qualifications provide nationally recognized credentials, while the Compagnons du Devoir offers an elite track for exceptional craftspeople seeking mastery.

Healthcare professionals benefit from the country's universal healthcare system, which ensures steady demand for nurses, physiotherapists (kinésithérapeutes), and other medical staff. French nursing schools (IFSI) produce highly trained professionals, though salaries are lower than Anglophone countries, offset by excellent work-life balance and job security.

The construction and energy sectors face significant workforce shortages, particularly in plumbing, electrical work, and renewable energy installation. Government incentives for home renovation (MaPrimeRénov') drive demand for qualified tradespeople with RGE certification.

France's 35-hour workweek, extensive vacation time, and strong worker protections make it attractive despite lower nominal salaries. Self-employment is common through auto-entrepreneur or artisan status, though the administrative requirements are more complex than in English-speaking countries.

Careers with local data

Structural exposure and EUR salary ranges sourced for France.

Plumber
12/100
High
€23k–€58k
Electrician
22/100
High
€25k–€59k
Physical Therapist
46/100
High
€42k–€70k
Registered Nurse (RN)
62/100
High
€35k–€71k
HVAC Technician
21/100
High
€22k–€50k
Chef / Head Cook
41/100
Medium
€20k–€53k
Carpenter (Finish/Custom)
12/100
Medium
€21k–€54k
Occupational Therapist
61/100
Medium
€34k–€72k
Dental Hygienist
24/100
Medium
€36k–€66k
Veterinarian
42/100
Medium
€43k–€87k
Welder
11/100
Medium
€21k–€43k
Massage Therapist
16/100
Medium
€18k–€35k
Firefighter
12/100
High
€21k–€55k
Paramedic / EMT
27/100
High
€21k–€39k
Police Officer
31/100
Medium
€23k–€53k
Special Education Teacher
58/100
Medium
€26k–€41k
Elementary School Teacher
68/100
Medium
€25k–€44k
Personal Trainer / Fitness Coach
11/100
Medium
€18k–€42k
Solar Panel Installer
17/100
High
€20k–€36k
Roofer
5/100
Medium
€19k–€39k
Landscaper / Groundskeeper
6/100
Medium
€17k–€29k
Pipefitter / Steamfitter
12/100
Medium
€25k–€58k
Pastry Chef / Baker
26/100
Medium
€18k–€36k
Nurse Practitioner
55/100
Medium
€54k–€80k
Speech-Language Pathologist
78/100
Medium
€35k–€59k
Aircraft Mechanic
18/100
High
€25k–€54k
Bus Driver
26/100
High
€18k–€32k
Diesel Service Technician
11/100
High
€22k–€42k
Heavy Equipment Operator
17/100
High
€21k–€41k
Arborist / Tree Care Specialist
7/100
Medium
€20k–€37k
Farm Equipment Mechanic
18/100
Medium
€20k–€35k
Irrigation Technician
34/100
Medium
€19k–€36k
Groundskeeper / Grounds Maintenance Worker
6/100
High
€16k–€29k
Barber
18/100
High
€15k–€32k
Cosmetologist / Hairstylist
17/100
High
€14k–€33k
Funeral Director
77/100
Medium
€24k–€52k
Locksmith
17/100
Medium
€18k–€34k
Pet Groomer
23/100
High
€14k–€29k
Wind Turbine Technician
13/100
High
€27k–€48k
Industrial Machinery Mechanic
17/100
High
€24k–€51k
Home Health Aide
17/100
Very High
€14k–€24k
Elevator Installer & Repairer
17/100
High
€30k–€82k
Physician Assistant (PA)
35/100
Very High
€52k–€100k
Surgical Technologist
18/100
High
€23k–€47k
Audiologist
75/100
High
€34k–€72k
Respiratory Therapist
36/100
High
€34k–€60k
Boilermaker
10/100
Medium
€26k–€59k
Ironworker
5/100
High
€23k–€59k
Glazier
9/100
Medium
€21k–€54k
Tile & Stone Setter
11/100
Medium
€20k–€47k
Insulation Worker
10/100
Medium
€20k–€42k
CNC Machinist
20/100
High
€25k–€42k
Tool and Die Maker
23/100
High
€28k–€48k
Millwright
10/100
High
€28k–€45k
Quality Control Inspector
38/100
Medium
€24k–€40k

Training & licensing details

Plumber€23k–€58k

Training

CAP Installateur sanitaire (2 years) or BP (2 additional years). Compagnons du Devoir for excellence track.

Licensing

Inscription au Répertoire des Métiers. Qualification RGE for energy work. Décennale insurance required.

Electrician€25k–€59k

Training

CAP Électricien (2 years) followed by BP or Bac Pro. Compagnons du Devoir apprenticeship highly valued.

Licensing

Consuel attestation required. RGE QualiElec for green energy. Décennale insurance mandatory.

Physical Therapist€42k–€70k

Training

Diplôme d'État de Masseur-Kinésithérapeute (5 years). PACES first year or direct entry.

Licensing

Registration with Ordre des Masseurs-Kinésithérapeutes. ADELI number required.

Registered Nurse (RN)€35k–€71k

Training

Diplôme d'État d'Infirmier (3 years) at IFSI nursing schools. Highly competitive entry.

Licensing

Diplôme d'État registration with ARS. Ordre National des Infirmiers membership.

HVAC Technician€22k–€50k

Training

CAP Installateur thermique (2 years) or Bac Pro TISEC. Manufacturer certifications valued.

Licensing

Attestation de capacité for refrigerants. RGE Qualipac for heat pumps.

Chef / Head Cook€20k–€53k

Training

CAP Cuisine (2 years), then BP or Bac Pro. Apprenticeship in restaurants common.

Licensing

No license required but CAP valued. Permis d'exploitation for alcohol service.

Training

CAP Charpentier bois (2 years). Compagnons du Devoir for advanced training.

Licensing

Inscription Chambre des Métiers. Décennale insurance for construction work.

Occupational Therapist€34k–€72k

Training

Diplôme d'État d'Ergothérapeute (3 years) at Institut de Formation en Ergothérapie. Entry via Parcoursup or passerelle for career changers.

Licensing

Registration with ARS (Agence Régionale de Santé). ADELI number required. Practice regulated by Code de la Santé Publique.

Dental Hygienist€36k–€66k

Training

Note: Dental hygienist profession only legally recognized in France since 2016. Diplôme d'État d'Assistant Dentaire (18 months) is standard pathway.

Licensing

Must work under supervision of chirurgien-dentiste. Registration with Ordre National des Chirurgiens-Dentistes not required for assistants.

Veterinarian€43k–€87k

Training

Diplôme d'État de Docteur Vétérinaire (5-7 years) at one of 4 ENV schools (Alfort, Lyon, Nantes, Toulouse). Highly competitive concours entry.

Licensing

Registration with Ordre National des Vétérinaires required. Must hold French diploma or EU equivalent with language verification.

Welder€21k–€43k

Training

CAP Réalisation en Chaudronnerie Industrielle or CAP Métallier (2 years). BEP or Bac Pro for advancement. Certifications AFNOR for specialized welding.

Licensing

Qualifications soudeur (QS) per NF EN ISO 9606. Licences spécifiques for nuclear/aerospace. Habilitations for certain environments.

Massage Therapist€18k–€35k

Training

Certificate from private massage school (6-24 months). Not to be confused with kinésithérapeute which requires state diploma.

Licensing

No state regulation for well-being massage (massage de bien-être). Therapeutic massage reserved for kinésithérapeutes. SIRET for self-employment.

Firefighter€21k–€55k

Training

Sapeur-pompier training at SDIS. Concours entry for professional firefighters.

Licensing

State certification through SDIS. JSP pathway for volunteers.

Paramedic / EMT€21k–€39k

Training

Diplôme d'État d'Ambulancier (6 months) or Infirmier for SMUR teams.

Licensing

Agrément préfectoral required. AFGSU certification for healthcare transport.

Police Officer€23k–€53k

Training

Gardien de la paix through national concours. Police Nationale or Gendarmerie pathways.

Licensing

National civil servant status after concours and training school.

Training

Master MEEF mention Pratiques et Ingénierie de la Formation (2 years post-licence). CAPPEI certification for specialized teaching. Concours required.

Licensing

Fonctionnaire status after concours. Registration with académie. CAPPEI (Certificat d'Aptitude Professionnelle aux Pratiques de l'Éducation Inclusive).

Training

Master MEEF 1er degré (2 years) + CRPE (Concours de Recrutement de Professeurs des Écoles). Stagiaire year after concours success.

Licensing

Fonctionnaire de l'Éducation Nationale status. Affectation by académie. Titularisation after successful année de stage.

Training

BPJEPS Activités de la Forme (1 year) mention Haltérophilie/Musculation or Cours Collectifs. CQP Instructeur Fitness as alternative.

Licensing

Carte professionnelle d'éducateur sportif required. Registration with DREETS. Insurance RC Pro obligatoire.

Solar Panel Installer€20k–€36k

Training

Mention Complémentaire Technicien en Énergies Renouvelables (1 year post-CAP) or Bac Pro MELEC with ENR option. QualiPV certification valued.

Licensing

RGE QualiPV certification required for customer tax credits. Habilitation électrique BR/B2V. Travail en hauteur certification.

Roofer€19k–€39k

Training

CAP Couvreur (2 years) or CAP Étancheur du Bâtiment. BP Couvreur (2 additional years) for chef d'équipe. Compagnons du Devoir for mastery.

Licensing

Inscription Répertoire des Métiers. Assurance décennale mandatory. Qualification Qualibat for larger contracts.

Training

CAPA Jardinier Paysagiste (2 years) or Bac Pro Aménagements Paysagers. BTS Aménagements Paysagers for design work.

Licensing

Certiphyto required for phytosanitary products. Inscription Chambre d'Agriculture or Chambre des Métiers depending on activity.

Training

CAP Monteur en Installations Sanitaires (2 years) or CAP Installateur Thermique. MC Maintenance des Équipements Thermiques for specialization.

Licensing

Attestation d'aptitude fluides frigorigènes for refrigerant work. RGE Qualipac for pompes à chaleur. Habilitations spécifiques industries.

Pastry Chef / Baker€18k–€36k

Training

CAP Pâtissier (2 years). BTM Pâtissier-Confiseur-Glacier-Traiteur. MOF (Meilleur Ouvrier de France) for mastery recognition.

Licensing

Inscription Répertoire des Métiers. Formation hygiène alimentaire. CAP required for artisan pâtissier title.

Nurse Practitioner€54k–€80k

Training

Infirmier de Pratique Avancée (IPA) - additional 2 years post-nursing degree.

Licensing

Registration as IPA with regional health authority. Hospital or liberal practice.

Training

Certificat de Capacité d'Orthophoniste (5 years) at university. Entry via competitive exam. Training includes 2,200+ hours clinical practice.

Licensing

Registration with ARS and ADELI number required. Member of Fédération Nationale des Orthophonistes optional. Conventionné status for Sécurité Sociale.

Aircraft Mechanic€25k–€54k

Training

CAP Aéronautique option Systèmes (2 years). Bac Pro Aéronautique. Licence EASA Part-66 (Cat A, B1, B2) for certifying roles.

Licensing

DGAC (Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile) licensing. Part-66 licence categories. Type ratings for specific aircraft.

Bus Driver€18k–€32k

Training

Permis D + FIMO Voyageurs (Formation Initiale Minimale Obligatoire - 140h). Titre Pro Conducteur Transport en Commun alternative.

Licensing

Permis D required. Carte de qualification conducteur (CQC). Visite médicale périodique. FCO every 5 years.

Training

CAP Maintenance des Véhicules option Véhicules de Transport Routier (2 years). Bac Pro Maintenance VP. CQP Mécanicien PL.

Licensing

No mandatory license. Manufacturer certifications (DAF, Volvo, Renault Trucks) valued. Habilitation climatisation if AC work.

Training

CACES R482 (engins de chantier) required. Formation AFPA ou CFPA. Titre Pro Conducteur d'Engins. BP Conducteur d'Engins.

Licensing

CACES R482 categories per equipment type. Visite médicale aptitude. AIPR (Autorisation d'Intervention à Proximité des Réseaux).

Training

CS Arboriste Élagueur (Certificate of Specialization, 1 year post-CAP). CAPA Travaux Forestiers. Formation grimpe d'arbres.

Licensing

Certiphyto for phytosanitary treatments. Certification travail en hauteur. CACES R486 if using nacelles. Assurance RC Pro.

Training

CAP Maintenance des Matériels option Agricole (2 years). Bac Pro Maintenance des Matériels. BTS GDEA (Génie des Équipements Agricoles).

Licensing

No mandatory license. Manufacturer certifications (John Deere, CLAAS, New Holland) valued. Habilitation climatisation for AC systems.

Irrigation Technician€19k–€36k

Training

BTS Aménagements Paysagers or BTSA GEMEAU (Gestion et Maîtrise de l'Eau). Formation spécialisée irrigation agricole.

Licensing

Certiphyto if chemical treatments. Certification backflow prevention. Agrément pour travaux sur réseaux d'eau.

Training

CAPA Jardinier Paysagiste (2 years). CAP Agricole Travaux Paysagers. BPA Travaux des Aménagements Paysagers.

Licensing

Certiphyto required for chemical products. CACES for equipment. Employment through collectivités or entreprises paysagistes.

Barber€15k–€32k

Training

CAP Coiffure (2 years). BP Coiffure (2 additional years) required for salon ownership. Mention Complémentaire for specializations.

Licensing

Inscription Répertoire des Métiers. BP required to open own salon. Diplôme de gestion for business ownership.

Training

CAP Esthétique Cosmétique Parfumerie (2 years). BP or BTS for advancement. CQP Spa Praticien for wellness specialization.

Licensing

Inscription Répertoire des Métiers. BP required for independent practice. Normes sanitaires compliance required.

Funeral Director€24k–€52k

Training

Diplôme National de Thanatopracteur (2 years) for embalming. Formation habilitation funéraire (96h) for funeral direction. CQP available.

Licensing

Habilitation préfectorale required. Agrément for thanatopractie. Réglementation funéraire compliance. RNCP registration.

Locksmith€18k–€34k

Training

CAP Serrurier Métallier (2 years). Formation spécialisée serrurerie-dépannage. Certifications A2P for security systems.

Licensing

Inscription Répertoire des Métiers. Carte professionnelle for certain activities. Agrément CNAPS for security-related work.

Pet Groomer€14k–€29k

Training

Certification de Toiletteur Canin (6-12 months) from private schools. Brevet de Toiletteur Canin. No state diploma required.

Licensing

SIRET registration for self-employment. ACACED attestation for working with animals. Assurance RC Pro recommended.

Training

BTS Maintenance des systèmes or specialized wind energy training. GWO certification.

Licensing

GWO certification. Habilitation électrique. CACES for crane work.

Training

CAP Maintenance des Équipements Industriels (2 years). Bac Pro MEI ou MSPC. BTS Maintenance des Systèmes option Production.

Licensing

Habilitations électriques (BR, B2V) often required. CACES for handling. Certifications constructeurs pour équipements spécifiques.

Home Health Aide€14k–€24k

Training

Diplôme d'État d'Accompagnant Éducatif et Social (DEAES) - 12-24 months. Specialization Accompagnement de la vie à domicile.

Licensing

No mandatory registration. Employment through SAAD (Services d'Aide et d'Accompagnement à Domicile) or CESU for private employment.

Training

CAP Électricien + formation constructeur (Schindler, Otis, Kone). Bac Pro MELEC preferred. CFPA formation continue options available.

Licensing

Habilitations électriques obligatoires. Certification travail en hauteur. Agrément entreprise pour maintenance ascenseurs.

Physician Assistant (PA)€52k–€100k

Training

Protocol de coopération system or Assistant Médical (varies). France does not have direct PA equivalent; closest is Infirmier en Pratique Avancée (IPA).

Licensing

If IPA pathway: Master's degree + registration as specialized nurse. Assistant médical: certificate program under médecin supervision.

Surgical Technologist€23k–€47k

Training

Diplôme d'État d'Infirmier de Bloc Opératoire (IBODE) - 18 months post-nursing diploma. Alternative: IDE with bloc opératoire experience.

Licensing

Registration with Ordre National des Infirmiers. IBODE specialty recognized. Practice in public or private établissements de santé.

Audiologist€34k–€72k

Training

Diplôme d'État d'Audioprothésiste (3 years) at university. Entry via competitive exam or Parcoursup. Clinical stages required.

Licensing

Registration with ARS. ADELI number required. Regulated profession under Code de la Santé Publique. Can open own cabinet.

Respiratory Therapist€34k–€60k

Training

No direct equivalent in France. Respiratory care handled by Infirmiers with specialized training. Closest: IDE with réanimation experience.

Licensing

Practice as IDE with service de réanimation or pneumologie specialization. Registration through Ordre National des Infirmiers.

Boilermaker€26k–€59k

Training

CAP Réalisation en Chaudronnerie Industrielle (2 years). Bac Pro TCI (Technicien en Chaudronnerie Industrielle). BTS CRCI for advanced roles.

Licensing

Qualifications soudeur per ASME/EN standards. Habilitations nucléaires for EDF work. CACES for handling equipment.

Ironworker€23k–€59k

Training

CAP Serrurier Métallier (2 years) or CAP Constructeur en Béton Armé. BP Métallier for advancement. Formation charpente métallique specialized.

Licensing

Habilitation travaux en hauteur. CACES R486 for nacelles. Assurance décennale for structural work.

Glazier€21k–€54k

Training

CAP Menuisier Fabricant or CAP Métiers du Verre (2 years). BP Menuisier Aluminium-Verre. Formation miroiterie for specialized work.

Licensing

Assurance décennale obligatoire. Qualification Qualibat vitrerie-miroiterie. RGE for energy-efficient installations.

Tile & Stone Setter€20k–€47k

Training

CAP Carreleur Mosaïste (2 years). BP Carreleur Mosaïste for advancement. Formation pierre naturelle pour travaux haut de gamme.

Licensing

Inscription Répertoire des Métiers. Assurance décennale obligatoire. Label Artisan d'Art for decorative work.

Insulation Worker€20k–€42k

Training

CAP Étancheur du Bâtiment ou Monteur en Isolation Thermique (2 years). Formation RGE for energy renovation work.

Licensing

RGE certification required for MaPrimeRénov' eligibility. Habilitation amiante sous-section 4. Assurance décennale.

CNC Machinist€25k–€42k

Training

CAP/BEP Usinage or Bac Pro Technicien d'usinage (2-3 years). BTS CPRP (Conception des Processus de Réalisation de Produits) for advancement. Apprenticeship common.

Licensing

No license required. Diplomas from Education Nationale recognized nationally. Industry certifications from equipment manufacturers valued.

Tool and Die Maker€28k–€48k

Training

Bac Pro Outillages (3 years) or BTS (2 years post-bac). Apprenticeship with specialized tooling companies. Compagnons du Devoir offers prestigious pathway.

Licensing

No license required. Diplomas recognized nationally. Compagnons du Devoir certification highly prestigious. CQPM (Certificat de Qualification Paritaire de la Métallurgie) available.

Millwright€28k–€45k

Training

Bac Pro Maintenance des Équipements Industriels (MEI) or BTS Maintenance des Systèmes. Apprenticeship through industry. Additional rigging certifications.

Licensing

CACES (Certificat d'Aptitude à la Conduite En Sécurité) for crane and lifting equipment. Habilitation électrique for electrical work. Safety certifications required.

Training

Bac Pro or BTS in Quality or related technical field. DUT Qualité available. AFNOR certifications for quality management.

Licensing

No license required. AFNOR certifications (IRCA, ISO Lead Auditor) valued for auditing roles. Industry-specific training as needed.

Last updated: December 2025Source: BLS, ONS, Job Outlook AU, Job Bank Canada, Destatis and equivalent national agencies